devout: stresses genuine feeling and a mental attitude that leads to solemn reverence and fitting observance of rites and practices: a pilgrimage that is the goal of ~ believers.  （rites表示仪式ceremony，是指宗教或传统仪式，只用复数，如宗教仪式葬礼仪式，funeral/transition rites葬礼/成人仪式，另外ritual表示仪式中的某个部分part of a religious ceremony，如religious rituals也是宗教仪式，还引申表示习惯性老套的例行的，如ritual expressions of sympathy例行公事地表示同情  ）   （observe举行仪式纪念庆祝, to mark the occasion by performance of required rites or acts，如not all holidays are observed nationally不是所有节日都举国纪念庆祝）  pilgrimage朝圣pilgrim朝圣者


pious: applies to the faithful and dutiful performance of religious duties and maintenance of outwardly religious attitudes: a ~ family that faithfully observes the Sabbath.        安息日(犹太教定为星期六，基督教定为星期日)  


religious: may imply devoutness and piety but it emphasizes faith in a deity and adherence to a way of life in keeping with that faith: a basically ~ man, although not a regular churchgoer.


pietistic: stresses the emotional as opposed to the intellectual aspects of religion: regarded religious articles as ~ excess.


sanctimonious: implies pretentions to holiness or smug appearance of piety: a ~ preacher without mercy or human kindness.  （smug沾沾自喜的,自鸣得意的,贬义implies an manner marked by excessive complacency or self-satisfaction，如a smug expression /smile/face沾沾自喜自鸣得意的表情/笑容/面容，如Thomas and his wife looked at each other in smug satisfaction托马斯和夫人得意地互相望了一眼）


devout虔诚: 强调感情真实和态度虔敬，pious虔诚: 强调履行宗教义务及虔敬态度，religious有宗教信仰的: 强调对上帝的信念，并保持相应的生活方式，pietistic宗教情绪化的: 指情感方面而非精神方面的表达，sanctimonious伪善假装虔诚的: 指假装神圣、自鸣得意地伪装虔诚  


记忆方法: 1）首字母DPRPS想成SP PRD(super proud)超级自豪<==因为虔诚         "虔"的意思是"恭敬"，本义是虎行走的样子，如虔诚虔敬虔信虔心

         2）练习一下

         3）虔诚的意思是热情地信奉宗教mean showing fervor in the practice of religion.首字母DPRPS想成SP PRD(super proud)超级自豪<==因为虔诚         fervor热情implies a warm and steady emotion指温暖持久的感情，如read the poem aloud with great fervor热情地朗诵诗歌